Jean-François Monteil, ancien maître de conférences de linguistique générale à l’Université Michel de Montaigne de Bordeaux
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Click on the following document to get a diagram useful for understanding the symbols of modal logic
The three facts to be considered are:
– 1) L (p ≡ Lq) or L ((p & Lq) w (~p & M~q)
– 2) L ( (p & Lq) w (~p & M(q))
– 3) L ((p & Lq) w (~p & L~q) , that is, one of the developed forms of L (p ≡ q)
L ( (p & Lq) w (~p & M(q)) corresponds to the case where ~M ( p & ~q) , im-possibility to have together p and not-q, is combined with M ( p & q) & M (~p & q) & M (~p & ~q), to the case where the conjunctions p & q, ~p & q, ~p & ~q are all three possible.
The developed form of L (p ≡ q), here chosen, has been chosen because we want to compare
L ((p & Lq) w (~p & L~q)
with
L ( (p & Lq) w (~p & M(q))
to bring into prominence the fact that both L~q, certainty of not-q
and M(q) , the bilateral possible Mq & M~q,
imply M~q, that is to say, the exclusion of Lq.
L ( (p & Lq) w (~p & M(q))
and
L ((p & Lq) w (~p & L~q)
both contain
L ((p & Lq) w (~p & M~q) ,that is,
L (p ≡ Lq).